description
Benzoin is a shrubby deciduous tree, belonging to the Styraceae family. The tree has gray bark, simple leaves, and short racemes of small, fragrant, bell-shaped white flowers. Benzoin tree produces a yellowish, balsamic resin, called benzoin or gum benjamin. Benzoin gum powder is made by grinding the dried resin from these trees, capturing their rich, aromatic properties for use in incense, cosmetics, and more.
Several varieties are known, but the Siam
and Sumatra Benzoins are the most revered.
Siam Benzoin is obtained from wounds on the
Styrax tonkinensis species—outside its color appears reddish yellow, while inside it is a milky
white. Its odor is a sweet-balsamic
odor with a distinct vanilla note. It contains benzoic acid
but not cinnamic acid.
Sumatra Benzoin is obtained from wounds on the Styrax benzoin species, and is always
in blocks of a dull reddish or grayish-brown color. Fine qualities have a
strong storax-like odor, marking a distinct difference from the sweet vanilla odor of the Siamese
variety. Additionally, Sumatra Benzoin contains cinnamic acid.
common names
& nomenclature
Its name came via the Italian from the Arabic lubān jāwī ("frankincense from
Java"), because it was brought from Indonesia. The Catalan traders, who
bought lubān jāwī from moorish traders, modified the word by changing a to e
and omitting the lu to benjawi. Italians further changed it into benjuì, and
in Latin it became ultimately known as benzoë. In India it is commonly
called loban (from lubān).
Also known as:
siam benzoin,
loban,
sumatra benzoin,
kemenyan,
gum benjamin tree,
onycha,
gum benzion,
benzoin gum,
ben, benjamen,
friar's balsam,
siamese benzoin,
spice bush,
sumatra gum,
snowbells, storax,
and
styrax gum